Usefulness, Reliability, Quality, and Content of Portuguese Language YouTube Videos on COVID-19

Abstract Objective: To investigate the usefulness, reliability, quality, and content of Portuguese-language YouTube videos on COVID-19. Material and Methods: Three keywords selected on Google Trends were searched on YouTube, and the 60 first videos listed with each term were analyzed. Two calibrated researchers evaluated the reliability (DISCERN Modified Scale), the quality (Global Quality Score - GQS), and the usefulness of videos for the users (COVID-19 Specific Score - CSS). The number of views, likes, and engagement were also analyzed. The data were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation (α=5%). Results: 59 videos were included. The average scores of quality, reliability, and usefulness were 3.0 (±1.1), 3.2 (± 0.8), and 1.5 (± 0.9), respectively. Two-thirds of the videos (64.4%) had low/moderate quality, and the majority (76.2%) were about signs and symptoms. The numbers of views (p=0.005), likes (p=0.006), and engagement (p=0.014) were significantly higher in moderate/good quality videos. The number of comments (p=0.007), duration of videos (p=0.004), and the DISCERN score (p<0.001) were significantly higher in videos made by health professionals. The general quality of the videos was positively correlated to the CSS scores, number of views, likes, and engagement (p<0.05). Conclusion: Most videos had moderate quality and reliability and low usefulness for the users.

Itinerários terapêuticos no cuidado em saúde em comunidades quilombolas / Therapeutic itineraries in health care in Quilombola communities

Resumo Este artigo teve como objetivo mapear os itinerários terapêuticos no cuidado em saúde em comunidades quilombolas rurais no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de um recorte de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada em seis comunidades visitadas. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de 18 entrevistas individuais, analisados pelo referencial teórico-metodológico dos itinerários terapêuticos e organizados em três temas empíricos. As narrativas permitiram a compreensão dos percursos trilhados no cuidado em saúde pela população quilombola, a identificação dos componentes do subsistema popular (recursos naturais, o uso de chás e remédios caseiros), do subsistema familiar (transmissão de conhecimentos e herança cultural de cuidados), e do subsistema profissional (nível hospitalar, cuidados médicos, atenção primária e especializada). As dificuldades de acesso não decorrem apenas das distâncias geográficas, envolvem aspectos mais amplos da determinação social, como o racismo institucional, a baixa oferta de serviços, a necessidade de pagamento para deslocamentos e procedimentos médicos. Nesse sentido, fazem-se necessárias uma abordagem e intervenções das políticas públicas frente às desigualdades étnico-raciais, econômicas e de acesso aos serviços de cuidado em saúde.

Abstract This article aimed to map therapeutic itineraries in health care within rural Quilombola communities in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is a section of a qualitative research conducted in six visited communities. The data was collected through 18 individual interviews, analyzed using the theoretical-methodological framework of Therapeutic Itineraries, and organized into three empirical themes. The narratives allowed for understanding the paths taken in health care by the Quilombola population, identifying the components of the popular subsystem (natural resources, the use of teas and home remedies), the family subsystem (transmission of knowledge and cultural heritage of care), and the professional subsystem (hospital level, medical care, primary and specialized attention). The difficulties of access are not only due to geographical distances, but also broader aspects of social determination, such as institutional racism, low availability of services, the need for payment for transportation and medical procedures. In this sense, it is necessary to have an approach and interventions from public policies to address ethnic-racial, economic, and access inequalities in health care services.

Doulas da morte: uma revisão de escopo / Death doulas: a scoping review

Introdução. O profissional doula da morte é considerado um colaborador solidário, cujo objetivo é melhorar a qualidade de morte no processo de terminalidade de pacientes, de forma a proporcionar uma 'boa morte'. Objetivo. O objetivo do estudo é mapear as evidências científicas sobre os papéis das doulas da morte na terminalidade da vida. Materiais e Métodos. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada nas bases de dados CINHAL, EMBASE, WOS, PUBMED e LILACS usando descritores de saúde conectados pelos operados booleanos AND e OR no espaço temporal entre 2000 e 2021. Resultados: Dos 467 artigos encontrados, somente 11 fizeram parte da amostra final. Dentre a diversidade e flexibilidade de papéis, os profissionais doulas realizam tarefas, serviços e prestam cuidados práticos e não clínicos durante todo o processo de morrer, morte, pós-morte e luto de pacientes e seus familiares, bem como promovem educação para a morte, levando em consideração as dimensões biopsicossocial e espiritual do cuidado humano. Possíveis barreiras no movimento de doulas da morte incluem a inconsistência nos programas de treinamento existentes e a ausência de um órgão regulamentador para a supervisão da prática e a padronização de honorários. Discussão. O trabalho das doulas da morte concentra-se na presença e atenção plenas, escuta sensível, compassiva e centrada na pessoa em processo de terminalidade, respeitando os seus desejos e horando sua biografia. Conclusão. As doulas de morte podem aumentar os serviços de cuidados de fim de vida existentes, fornecendo serviços de cuidados holísticos e personalizados em todos os cenários da rede de atenção à saúde, contudo, há necessidade de estudos mais rigorosos para explorar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre esse papel e investigar resultados clínicos entre pessoas que estão morrendo e suas famílias.

Introduction: The professional death doula is considered a supportive collaborator, whose goal is to improve the quality of death in the process of terminality of patients, to provide a 'good death'. Objective: The objective of the study is to map the scientific evidence on the roles of death doulas in the terminality of life. Materials and Methods: This is a scoping review conducted in the databases CINHAL, EMBASE, WOS, PUBMED and LILACS using health descriptors connected by the Boolean operands AND and OR in the time frame between 2000 and 2021. Results: Of the 467 articles found, only 11 were part of the final sample. Among the diversity and flexibility of roles, professional doulas perform tasks, services and provide practical and non-clinical care throughout the dying, death, postmortem and bereavement process of patients and their families, as well as promote death education, considering the biopsychosocial and spiritual dimensions of human care. Possible barriers in the death doula movement include the inconsistency in existing training programs and the absence of a regulatory body for the supervision of practice and the standardization of fees. Discussion: The work of death doulas focuses on full presence and attention, sensitive, compassionate listening, and centering on the person in the process of terminality, respecting their wishes and honoring their biography. Conclusion: Death doulas can augment existing end-of-life care services by providing holistic and personalized care services across health care settings, however, there is a need for more rigorous studies to explore health professionals' perceptions of this role and investigate clinical outcomes among dying people and their families.

Introducción: La doula de la muerte profesional se considera un colaborador de apoyo, cuyo objetivo es mejorar la calidad de la muerte en el proceso de terminalidad de los pacientes, con el fin de proporcionar una "buena muerte". Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es mapear la evidencia científica sobre las funciones de las doulas de muerte en la terminalidad de la vida. Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de una revisión exploratoria realizada en las bases de datos CINHAL, EMBASE, WOS, PUBMED y LILACS utilizando descriptores de salud conectados por los operandos booleanos AND y OR en el marco temporal comprendido entre 2000 y 2021. Resultados: De los 467 artículos encontrados, sólo 11 formaron parte de la muestra final. Entre la diversidad y flexibilidad de roles, las doulas profesionales realizan tareas, servicios y proporcionan cuidados prácticos y no clínicos a lo largo del proceso de morir, muerte, postmortem y duelo de los pacientes y sus familias, así como promueven la educación sobre la muerte, teniendo en cuenta las dimensiones biopsicosociales y espirituales del cuidado humano. Entre los posibles obstáculos al movimiento de las doulas de la muerte se encuentran la incoherencia de los programas de formación existentes y la ausencia de un organismo regulador para la supervisión de la práctica y la normalización de los honorarios. Discusión: El trabajo de las doulas de la muerte se centra en la presencia y atención plena, la escucha sensible, compasiva y centrada en la persona en proceso de terminalidad, respetando sus deseos y honrando su biografía. Conclusión: Las doulas moribundas pueden aumentar los servicios existentes de atención al final de la vida proporcionando servicios de atención holísticos y personalizados en todos los entornos de atención sanitaria; sin embargo, se necesitan estudios más rigurosos para explorar las percepciones de los profesionales sanitarios sobre esta función e investigar los resultados clínicos entre los moribundos y sus familias.

Influence of bioactive particles and onium salt on the physicochemical properties of experimental infiltrants

Abstract This study evaluated physicochemical properties of experimental infiltrants after addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) or 58S bioactive glass (BAG) and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI). The resin matrix was composed of TEGDMA/Bis-EMA (3:1), 0.5 mol% CQ, and 1 mol% EDAB. The blends received or not 0.5 mol% DPI and 10% wt BAG or HAp. Icon was used as commercial control. The groups were characterized by XRD, FT-IR spectrometry, and SEM before and after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion for up to 7 days. Polymerization kinetics (n =3 ), water sorption and solubility (n=10), and viscosity (n = 3) were surveyed. For polymerization kinetics, the samples were polymerized for 5 min and the data were obtained from 40 s and 5 min. Statistical analysis was made using ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05). After 7 days of SBF immersion, XRD and FT-IR showed that the HAp crystalline phase was present only in the HAp groups. A lower degree of conversion (DC) and polymerization rate were observed for the Icon and BAG groups, whereas HAp showed higher values. For the BAG group, DPI increased polymerization rate and DC in 40 s. After 5 min, all groups presented DC above 80%. In groups with particles, the HAp groups exhibited higher viscosity, whereas DPI groups showed a decrease in viscosity. Icon had the highest water sorption. To conclude, BAG neither improved the physicochemical properties studied, nor did it show bioactive properties. The addition of DPI reduced viscosity caused by particle addition and also attenuated the DC decrease caused by BAG addition. The addition of bioactive particles to infiltrants should be seen with caution because they increase viscosity and may not bring major clinical improvements that justify their use. DPI might be indicated only if any component is added to the infiltrant to act as a compensation mechanism.

Influence of diameter in the stress distribution of extra-short dental implants under axial and oblique load: a finite element analysis

Aim: This study evaluated the influence of a wide diameter on extra-short dental implant stress distribution as a retainer for single implant-supported crowns in the atrophic mandible posterior region under axial and oblique load. Methods: Four 3D digital casts of an atrophic mandible, with a single implant-retained crown with a 3:1 crown-to-implant ratio, were created for finite element analysis. The implant diameter used was either 4 mm (regular) or 6 mm (wide), both with 5 mm length. A 200 N axial or 30º oblique load was applied to the mandibular right first molar occlusal surface. The equivalent von Mises stress was recorded for the abutment and implant, minimum principal stress, and maximum shear stress for cortical and cancellous bone. Results: Oblique load increased the stress in all components when compared to axial load. Wide diameter implants showed a decrease of von Mises stress around 40% in both load directions at the implant, and an increase of at least 3.6% at the abutment. Wide diameter implants exhibited better results for cancellous bone in both angulations. However, in the cortical bone, the minimum principal stress was at least 66% greater for wide than regular diameter implants, and the maximum shear stress was more than 100% greater. Conclusion: Extra-short dental implants with wide diameter result in better biomechanical behavior for the implant, but the implications of a potential risk of overloading the cortical bone and bone loss over time, mainly under oblique load, should be investigated

Heart rate turbulence assessed through ergometry after myocardial infarction: a feasibility study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The impact of ventricular arrhythmias with impaired cardiac vagal activity is one of the most recently studied prognostic factors. However, there are no studies evaluating the phenomenon of heart rate turbulence (HRT) during physical exertion. OBJECTIVE: To study the behavior of HRT during exercise testing, among individuals after myocardial infarction. DESIGN AND SETTING: Feasibility study conducted in a university hospital among individuals 4-6 weeks after myocardial infarction. METHODS: All subjects underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring and ergometric stress testing. We considered that abnormal HRT was present if the turbulence onset was ≥ 0% or turbulence slope was ≤ 2.5 mm/relative risk interval. RESULTS: All 32 subjects were asymptomatic. Their median age was 58 years (interquartile range 12.8) and 70% were male. Abnormal HRT was associated with ventricular dysfunction in this population. We found no differences regarding the behavior of HRT, in relation to age, gender, smoking, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Ergometric stress testing detected premature ventricular beats (PVB) in approximately 44% of the examinations, and these occurred both during the active phase of effort and in the recovery period. The low occurrence of several isolated PVB in beta-blocked subjects made it difficult to perform statistical analysis to correlate HRT between ergometric and Holter testing. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study do not support performing HRT through ergometric stress testing among patients who remain on beta-blockers post-myocardial infarction, for the purpose of assessing cardiac vagal activity.

Atualização do custo-efetividade por resposta de adalimumabe, etanercepte, guselcumabe, infliximabe, ixequizumabe, secuquinumabe e ustequinumabe no tratamento de psoríase em placas moderada a grave sob a perspectiva do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar brasileiro / An update of a cost-effectiveness per response of adalimumab, etanercept, guselcumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, secukinumab and ustekinumab for treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis from the perspective of the Brazilian Supplementary Health System

Objetivo: Os agentes biológicos representam um grande avanço no tratamento da psoríase em placas moderada a grave. No entanto, variações de eficácia, segurança e custos dos tratamentos podem dificultar a escolha do agente terapêutico. Este estudo teve como objetivo atualizar o custo por resposta dos agentes biológicos disponíveis para psoríase no ROL de Procedimentos e Eventos em Saúde (ROL) da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS). Métodos: Uma análise de custo por resposta foi utilizada para avaliar a razão de custo pelo desfecho Índice de Gravidade e Área da Psoríase (PASI) 90. Os resultados foram apresentados para o primeiro ano (ano I), que compreende a fase de indução e a fase manutenção até completar 52 semanas e foi realizada uma análise da efetividade do tratamento num cenário de orçamento fixo. Os custos dos tratamentos foram calculados com base nos preços de fábrica (PF18%) da Tabela da Câmara de Regulação do Mercado de Medicamentos de junho de 2021. Resultados: Para o ano I, o guselcumabe apresentou melhor resultado para custo por resposta (R$ 130.467) PASI 90, seguido por ixequizumabe, ustequinumabe, secuquinumabe, adalimumabe, infliximabe e etanercepte. No cenário com orçamento fixo, o guselcumabe demonstrou ser o agente capaz de tratar com sucesso (PASI 90) o maior número de pacientes. Atualização do custo-efetividade por resposta para psoríase em placas moderada a grave. Conclusão: Sob a perspectiva do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar do Brasil, o guselcumabe apresentou o melhor custo por resposta PASI 90, sendo, assim, a terapia com melhor custo-efetividade no tratamento da psoríase em placas moderada a grave disponível no ROL.

Objective: Biological agents represent a major advance in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. However, variations of efficiency, safety and costs of treatments make it difficult to select the drug. This study aims to update the cost per response of biological agents available in the Health Procedures and Events Roll (ROL) of the National Supplementary Health Agency (ANS). Methods: A cost-per-response analysis was used to assess the cost per outcome of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 90. Results were presented for the first year (I), which comprises induction and maintenance for 52 weeks and a fixed budget scenario analysis. Treatment costs were calculated based on the prices of the 2021 Medicines Market Regulation Chamber Table. Results: Analysis of year I, guselkumab showed the best result for cost per cost (R$ 130,467) PASI 90, followed by ixekizumab, ustekinumab, secukinumab, adalimumab, infliximab, and etanercept. In the fixedbudget analysis, guselkumab is the therapy capable of successfully treating (PASI 90) the largest number of patients. Conclusion: From the perspective of the Supplementary Health System in Brazil, guselkumab showed the best cost per response PASI 90, thus being the most cost-effective therapy in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis available in the Brazilian ROL.

Saúde dos indivíduos em situação de rua: entre queixas, sintomas e determinantes das doenças crônicas / Health of homeless individuals: among complaints, symptoms, and determinants of chronic diseases / Salud de las personas en situación de calle: entre quejas, síntomas y determinantes de enfermedades crónicas

Introdução: A população em situação de rua é vulnerabilizada por diversos fatores que determinam ou condicionam sua saúde e ocasionam aumento dos índices de comorbidades clínicas, entre elas as doenças mentais, crônicas e infectocontagiosas. A marginalização dos indivíduos que se encontram em situação de rua abre uma lacuna na assistência em saúde que, por vezes, é suprida por organizações sem fins lucrativos que exercem um papel social elementar. Objetivo: Mapear o perfil clínico da população em situação de rua de Curitiba (PR) atendida por iniciativa voluntária no período de um ano. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo de base documental realizado com fichas clínicas dos 509 pacientes maiores de 18 anos e que tiveram seu primeiro atendimento médico realizado pela Associação Médicos do Mundo, filial Curitiba (PR), no ano de 2019. Resultados: Indivíduos do sexo masculino, de etnia branca, faixa etária entre 36 e 45 anos, que cursaram o ensino fundamental e que se encontravam havia menos de um ano em situação de rua foram as condições sociodemográficas predominantes. As principais queixas motivadoras da procura pelo atendimento foram dor (45,19%), lesões cutâneas (15,71%) e queixas oftalmológicas (6,68%). Parte dos indivíduos mostrou acometimento crônico por hipertensão arterial sistêmica (9,03%), HIV/AIDS (3,53%) e diabetes mellitus (3,53%). Também foi identificada quantidade significativa de relatos de histórico de traumas físicos (59%). Encontrou-se correlação estatística entre hipertensão e medicamentos de uso contínuo (p=0,001). Menos que 10% dos indivíduos procuraram atendimento médico por queixas de saúde mental. Das mulheres que fizerem parte do estudo, 70% relataram fazer uso de substâncias e aproximadamente metade delas, uso regular de medicamentos. Já o uso de anticoncepcionais foi relatado por uma minoria delas (18,57%). Conclusões: As queixas de dor, as lesões cutâneas e as demandas oftalmológicas foram os principais motivadores da procura por ajuda médica pela população em situação de rua, além da prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica como doença crônica. Os achados podem auxiliar e direcionar ações em saúde voltadas para essa população marginalizada.

Introduction: The rough-sleeping population is vulnerable due many factors determining or conditioning their health and contribute to the raising the index of clinical comorbidities, as mental health, chronic and infectious diseases. The marginalization of the homeless population leads to a gap on the health care that sometimes is supplied by non-profit organizations, which play a fundamental social role. Objective: To map the clinical profile of the homeless population of Curitiba (PR) attended by a voluntary initiative in the period of a year. Methods: It's an observational study based on the medical records of the 509 patients older than 18 year that had their first health-care attendance provided by the World Doctors Association, branch Curitiba (PR), in the year of 2019. Results: The predominant sociodemographic conditions were white males, aged between 36 and 45 years old, that have attended elementary school and were homeless for less than a year. The main complains that lead to health care search were pain (45,19%), dermatologic lesions (15,71%) and ophthalmologic complains (6,68%). Most of the patients exhibited chronic systemic arterial hypertension (9,03%), HIV/AIDS (3,53%) and diabetes mellitus (3,53%). There were also identified a great amount of past reported physical trauma (59%). The research found a statistical correlation between hypertension and chronic use of medications (p=0,001). Less than 10% of the rough-sleeping attended population sought medical care due mental health complains. Of the female studied population, 70% reported substance use and, approximately half of them, the regular use of chronic use medicines. Even though, contraceptives were only reported by a minority of this population (18,57%). Conclusions: Pain, dermatologic and ophthalmological complains were the main medical care seeking reason by the rough-sleeping population, besides the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension as a chronic illness. These findings can subside and direct healthcare actions oriented to this marginalized population.

Introducción: La población en situación de calle es vulnerable por diversos factores que determinan o condicionan su salud y terminan por aumentar los índices de las comorbilidades clínicas, incluyendo enfermedades mentales, crónicas e infectocontagiosas. La marginación de los sujetos que se encuentran en situación de calle hace una laguna en su asistencia en salud que, por veces, es suplida por organizaciones sin fines de lucro, las cuáles ejercen una función social muy importante. Objetivo: Mapear el perfil clínico de la población en situación de calle de Curitiba (PR) atendida por una iniciativa voluntaria en el período de un año. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo documental basado en historias clínicas de 509 pacientes mayores de 18 años y que tuvieron su primera atención médica realizada por la Asociación Médicos del Mundo, filial Curitiba (PR), en 2019. Resultados: Las condiciones sociodemográficas predominantes fueron los varones, de etnia blanca, con edades entre 36 y 45 años, que frecuentaron a la escuela primaria y que estaban en la calle a menos de un año. Las quejas principales que motivaron la búsqueda de atención fueron dolor (45,19%), lesiones cutáneas (15,71%) y quejas oftalmológicas (6,68%). La mayoría de los individuos mostró acometimiento crónico por hipertensión arterial sistémica (9,03%), HIV/SIDA (3,53%) y diabetes mellitus (3,53%). Aún fue identificada una cantidad significativa de informes de traumas físicos (59%). Se encontró también una correlación estadística entre hipertensión y medicamentos de uso continuo (p=0,001). Menos del 10% de las personas buscaron atención médica por problemas de salud mental. De las mujeres que participaron en el estudio, el 70% informó haber consumido sustancias y aproximadamente la mitad de ellas hace uso habitual de medicamentos. Sin embargo, el uso de anticonceptivos fue informado por una minoría de las mujeres (18,57%). Conclusiones: Las quejas de dolor, lesiones cutáneas y oftalmológicas fueron los principales motivadores para que la población sin hogar buscase ayuda médica, además prevaleció la hipertensión arterial sistémica entre las enfermedades crónicas. Los hallazgos de esta pesquisa pueden ayudar y orientar las acciones de salud dirigidas a esta población marginada.

Effect of ceramic thicknesses and opacities on water sorption and solubility of a light-curing resin cement by different units

Aim: This study evaluated the water sorption and solubility of a light-cured resin cement, under four thicknesses and four opacities of a lithium disilicate ceramic, also considering three light-emitting diode (LED) units. Methods: A total of 288 specimens of a resin cement (AllCem Veneer Trans ­ FGM) were prepared, 96 samples were light-cured by each of the three light curing units (Valo ­ Ultradent / Radii-Cal ­ SDI / Bluephase II ­ Ivoclar Vivadent), divided into 16 experimental conditions, according to the opacities of the ceramic: High Opacity (HO), Medium Opacity (MO), Low Translucency (LT), High Translucency (HT), and thicknesses (0.3, 0.8, 1.5, and 2.0 mm) (n = 6). The specimens were weighed at three different times: Mass M1 (after making the specimens), M2 (after 7 days of storage in water), and M3 (after dissection cycle), for calculating water sorption and solubility. Results: The higher thickness of the ceramic (2.0 mm) significantly increased the values of water sorption (44.0± 4.0) and solubility (7.8±0.6), compared to lower thicknesses. Also, the ceramic of higher opacity (HO) generated the highest values of sorption and solubility when compared to the other opacities, regardless of the thickness tested (ANOVA-3 factors / Tukey's test, α = 0.05). There was no influence of light curing units. Conclusion: Higher thicknesses and opacities of the ceramic increased the water sorption and solubility of the tested light-cured resin cement

Marginal misfit of heat-pressed milled wax-pattern and CAD/CAM crowns and its effect on stress distribution in implant-supported rehabilitations

Aim: To compare the marginal fit of lithium disilicate CAD/CAM crowns and heat-pressed crowns fabricated using milled wax patterns, and evaluate its effect on stress distribution in implantsupported rehabilitation. Methods: A CAD model of a mandibular first molar was designed, and 16 lithium disilicate crowns (8/group) were obtained. The crown-prosthetic abutment set was evaluated in a scanning electron microscopy. The mean misfit for each group was recorded and evaluated using Student's t-test. For in silico analysis, a virtual cement thickness was designed for the two misfit values found previously, and the CAD model was assembled on an implant-abutment set. A load of 100 N was applied at 30° on the central fossa, and the equivalent stress was calculated for the crown, titanium components, bone, and resin cement layer. Results: The CAD/CAM group presented a significantly (p=0.0068) higher misfit (64.99±18.73 µm) than the heat-pressed group (37.64±15.66 µm). In silico results showed that the heat-pressed group presented a decrease in stress concentration of 61% in the crown and 21% in the cement. In addition, a decrease of 14.5% and an increase of 7.8% in the stress for the prosthetic abutment and implant, respectively, was recorded. For the cortical and cancellous bone, a slight increase in stress occurred with an increase in the cement layer thickness of 5.9% and 5.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The milling of wax patterns for subsequent inclusion and obtaining heat-pressed crowns is an option to obtain restorations with an excellent marginal fit and better stress distribution throughout the implant-abutment set

Câncer Gástrico em Minas Gerais: Estudo sobre o Perfil da Morbimortalidade Hospitalar / Gastric Cancer in Minas Gerais: Study on the Profile of Hospital Morbimortality / Cáncer Gástrico en Minas Gerais: Estudio sobre el Perfil de Morbilidad y Mortalidad Hospitalaria

Introdução: A neoplasia maligna do estômago é o quinto tipo mais incidente de neoplasia e a terceira principal causa de morte por câncer no mundo. É uma patologia grave, geralmente diagnosticada em estágios avançados no Brasil. Objetivo: Analisar, por meio dos registros no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH-SUS), o perfil das internações por neoplasia maligna do estômago em hospitais conveniados aos setores público e privado no Estado de Minas Gerais de 2007 a 2017. Método: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, observacional, com dados públicos retrospectivos do SIH-SUS, no período de 1 de janeiro de 2007 a 31 de dezembro de 2017. Os locais de estudo foram as unidades hospitalares que integram o SUS (públicas ou particulares conveniadas). Resultados: Houve semelhança quanto à realidade nacional na maioria dos aspectos analisados, como aumento na taxa de internações e redução das taxas de letalidade hospitalares no decorrer dos anos. A maioria dos atendimentos foi de urgência e em regime privado. O sexo masculino (67,3%) e a faixa etária de pessoas com 60 anos ou mais (60,7%) obtiveram maior incidência. O tempo médio de internação foi 1,4 vezes maior no regime público do que no privado; a letalidade hospitalar foi maior no serviço público (8,9%) em relação ao privado (4,9%) nos atendimentos eletivos. Conclusão: A distribuição dos resultados foi heterogênea entre as Macrorregiões de Saúde, demonstrando que a descentralização de recursos ainda é um grande desafio do sistema de saúde brasileiro

Introduction: Malignant stomach cancer is the fifth most incident type of neoplasm and the third leading cause of death by cancer worldwide. It is a severe pathology, usually diagnosed in advanced stages in Brazil. Objective: Analyze, through the records in the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH-SUS), the profile of hospitalizations for malignant neoplasm of the stomach in hospitals affiliated to the public and private sector in the state of Minas Gerais from 2007 to 2017. Method: Descriptive, quantitative, observational, retrospective study with public data from the SIH-SUS, from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2017. The study sites were the hospital units that are part of the SUS (public or private affiliated). Results: There was similarity regarding the national reality for most of the aspects analyzed, such as an increase in the rate of hospitalizations and reduction in hospital mortality rates over the years. Most of the consultations were urgent and in private hospitals. Higher incidence was found for males (67.3%) and individuals aged 60 years or older (60.7%). The mean time of hospitalization was 1.4 times longer in public compared with private hospitals; hospital lethality was higher in the public service (8.9%) compared with private (4.9%) in elective care. Conclusion: The distribution of results was heterogeneous among the health macro-regions, demonstrating that the decentralization of resources is still a major challenge for the Brazilian health system

Introducción: La neoplasia maligna del estómago es el quinto tipo de cáncer más común y la tercera causa principal de muerte por cáncer en todo el mundo. Es una patología grave, generalmente diagnosticada en etapas avanzadas en Brasil. Objetivo: Analizar, a través de los registros en el Sistema de Información Hospitalaria del Sistema Único de Salud (SIH-SUS), el perfil de hospitalizaciones por neoplasia maligna del estómago en hospitales afiliados al sector público y privado en el estado de Minas Gerais de 2007 a 2017. Método: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, observacional, con datos públicos retrospectivos del SIH-SUS, del 1 de enero de 2007 al 31 de diciembre de 2017. Los sitios de estudio fueron las unidades hospitalarias que forman parte del SUS (acuerdos públicos o privados). Resultados: Hubo similitud con respecto a la realidad nacional en la mayoría de los aspectos analizados, como un aumento en la tasa de hospitalizaciones y una reducción en las tasas de mortalidad hospitalaria a lo largo de los años. La mayoría de las consultas fueron urgentes y privadas. El sexo masculino (67,3%) y el rango etario de las personas de 60 años o más (60,7%) tuvieron una mayor incidencia. La estadía promedio en el hospital fue 1,4 veces más larga en el régimen público que en el privado; mayor letalidad hospitalaria en el servicio público (8,9%) en comparación con el privado (4,9%) en atención electiva. Conclusión: La distribución de los resultados fue heterogénea entre las regiones de macrosalud, lo que demuestra que la descentralización de los recursos sigue siendo un desafío importante para el sistema de salud brasileño

Escleroterapia como modalidade de tratamento do lago venoso oral: protocolo de uso / Sclerotherapy as a treatment modality for oral venous lake: protocol of use

Introdução: o lago venoso é uma ectasia venosa que ocorre geralmente nos lábios e na mucosa oral de idosos. Embora a escleroterapia seja um dos tratamentos mais indicados para esta condição, esta técnica é pouco utilizada entre os dermatologistas. Além disso, a concentração do agente esclerosante, a dose e o modo de aplicação não estão padronizados. Objetivos: relatar o uso do oleato de etanolamina a 5% (OE5%) como agente esclerosante para o tratamento do lago venoso oral e sugerir um protocolo de escleroterapia. Métodos: foi utilizado em dez pacientes consecutivos um protocolo padronizado para tratamento de lago venoso oral, baseado na experiência de um Ambulatório Universitário de Dermatologia, especializado em Estomatologia. Aplicou-se o OE5%, em injeções intralesionais profundas e centrais, com volume predeterminado, proporcional às dimensões da lesão. Resultados: seis pacientes tiveram regressão total da lesão com uma sessão. Outros três pacientes alcançaram regressão satisfatória com duas sessões mensais e uma paciente necessitou de três sessões mensais. Todos os participantes relataram edema ou queimação por um a três dias. Conclusão: o tratamento do lago venoso oral com OE5% é uma técnica segura e eficaz que pode ser usada na prática clínica do dermatologista.

Introduction: The venous lake is a venous ectasia that usually occurs on the lips and oral mucosa of the elderly. Although sclerotherapy is one of the most suitable treatments for this condition, dermatologists don't use this technique very often. Also, the concentration of the sclerosing agent, dose, and method of application are not standardized. Objectives: This study aims to report the use of ethanolamine oleate 5% (EO5%) as a sclerosing agent to treat the oral venous lake and suggest a sclerotherapy protocol. Methods: We used a standardized protocol to treat an oral venous lake in ten consecutive patients, based on the experience of a University Dermatology Clinic, specialized in Stomatology. EO5% was applied in deep and central intralesional injections, with a predetermined volume proportional to the lesion's dimensions. Results: Six patients had total lesion regression with one session. Another three patients achieved satisfactory regression with two monthly sessions, and one patient required three monthly sessions. All participants reported edema or burning for one to three days. Conclusion: The oral venous lake treatment with EO5% is a safe and effective technique that can be used in the dermatologist's clinical practice

Avaliação radiográfica da interface de reparo em resina bulk fill / Radiographic evaluation of repair interface in bulk fill resin

Objetivo: avaliar radiograficamente a interface de reparo em resina bulk fill (Opus bulk fill ­ FGM) com diferentes protocolos de adesão. Metodologia: foram confeccionados 30 corpos de prova em formato de cubo, nas dimensões de 4mm x 6mm. Os corpos foram randomizados e divididos entre os grupos: G1: ácido fosfórico a 37% (Dentsply) + adesivo (Ambar ­ FGM); G2: ácido fosfórico a 37% (Dentsply) + silano (Prosil ­ FGM) + adesivo (Ambar­FGM) e G3: Adesivo auto-condicionante (Ambar universal ­ FGM). Após os tratamentos, os corpos foram posicionados em uma matriz metálica de 4mm x 8mm para receber novos incrementos de resina bulk fill. Para análise do reparo, as amostras foram submetidas a radiografias digitais (Micro Imagem), com disparo de 0,16 segundos. Aplicou-se o efeito de contraste filtro de tele MI para permitir a avaliação visual. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: o grupo 2 apresentou em metade dos espécimes avaliados, uma interface não visível, porém, não diferiu estatisticamente dos outros grupos que em sua maioria apresentaram a interface visível em mais de 50% da extensão do reparo. Conclusão: os protocolos realizados na interface da resina bulk fill não foram suficientes para gerar diferenças entre as imagens dos grupos tratados.

Objective: evaluate radiographically repair interface in bulk fill resin (Opus bulk fill-FGM) with different protocols of adhesion. Metodology: 30 specimens on the dimensions of 4 mm x 6 mm were made in cube formate. The specimens were randomized and divided between the groups: G1: phosphoric acid at 37% (Dentsply) + sticker (Ambar-FGM), G2: phosphoric acid at 37% (Dentsply) + silane (Prosil-FGM) + sticker (Ambar-FGM) and G3: Self-etching adhesive (universal Amber-FGM). After the treatments, the specimens were placed in a 4 mm x 8 mm metal matrix to receive new increments of resin bulk fill. For the repair analysis, samples were submitted to digital x-rays (Micro image), with triggering of 0.16 seconds. The filter contrast effect tele filter MI to allow visual assessment was applied. For statistical analysis we used the Fisher exact test. Results: group 2 presented in half of the specimens evaluated a not visible interface, however did not differ statistically from the other groups in that in their majority presented the visible interface in more than 50% of the repair extent. Conclusion: the protocols carried out in bulk fill resin interface were not sufficient to generate differences between the images of the treated groups.

Aterosclerose de carótidas em mulheres na pré e pós-menopausa com antecedentes de hipertensão na gestação: estudo de caso-controle / Carotid atherosclerosis in pre-and-post-menopausal women with a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension: case-control study

A mortalidade por doença cardiovascular entre as mulheres permanece elevada. Estudos observacionais são controversos sobre a participação dos antecedentes de distúrbio hipertensivo gestacional no risco cardiovascular. Verificar a associação entre aterosclerose de carótidas em mulheres no climatério que tiveram hipertensão na gestação. Estudo de caso-controle, sendo os casos compostos por mulheres com aterosclerose de carótida, definida como espessura íntima-média carotídea > 1 mm e/ou presença de placas de carótidas; os controles não apresentavam estas alterações. Adotou-se nível de significância de 95%. Foram avaliadas 504 mulheres sem doença cardiovascular prévia, sendo 126 casos e 378 controles. Eram hipertensas 67% delas; 76% eram dislipidêmicas; e 16%, diabéticas. Cerca de 10% referiram antecedentes de hipertensão na gestação. As mulheres com aterosclerose de carótidas apresentaram valores maiores dos níveis de pressão arterial sistólica (134,18 mmHg vs. 128,59 mmHg; p = 0,008) e de LDL-colesterol (156,52 mg% vs. 139,97 mg%; p = 0,0005). Não foi encontrada diferença estatística em relação à presença de aterosclerose de carótidas e ao antecedente de hipertensão na gestação (OR 1,672; IC 95% 0,893-3,131). O antecedente de hipertensão na gestação não foi associado à aterosclerose subclínica de carótidas em mulheres na pré e pós-menopausa. No entanto, verificou-se a associação entre a aterosclerose de carótida e os fatores de risco clássicos, como pressão arterial sistólica elevada e altos níveis de LDL-colesterol

Cardiovascular disease mortality among women remains high. Observational studies are controversial about the participation of a history of gestational hypertensive disorder in cardiovascular risk. To verify the association between carotid atherosclerosis in menopausal women who had pregnancy-induced hypertension. Case-control study, with cases consisting of women with carotid atherosclerosis, defined as carotid intima-media thickness > 1 mm and/or presence of carotid plaques; the controls did not have these alterations. The significance level was set at 95%. A total of 504 women without previous cardiovascular disease were assessed, 126 cases and 378 controls. Of the total, 67% were hypertensive; 76% were dyslipidemic; and 16% were diabetic. Approximately 10% reported a history of hypertension during pregnancy. Women with carotid atherosclerosis had higher values of systolic blood pressure (134.18 mmHg vs. 128.59 mmHg, p = 0.008) and LDL-cholesterol(156.52 mg% vs. 139.97 mg%; p = 0.0005). No statistical difference was found regarding the presence of carotid atherosclerosis and history of hypertension during pregnancy (OR 1.672, 95% CI: 0.883-3.131). The history of hypertension during pregnancy was not associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in menopausal women. However, an association was observed between carotid atherosclerosis and classic risk factors, such as elevated systolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol levels

Bench press exercise performed as conditioning activity improves shot put performance in untrained subjects

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of bench press exercise performed as conditioning activity on the shot put performance in untrained subjects. Methods: Twelve healthy men (26 ± 6 years; 1.8 ± 0.1 m; 73.5 ± 10.4 kg; 13.2 ± 5.2% body fat), with no experience in shot put, were randomly assigned into two conditions: 1) Control: subjects performed six shot put attempts, and 2) Bench press exercise: subjects performed six shot put attempts 7 min post 2 sets of 5 repetitions maximum (RM) of bench press exercise. A metal ball of 4 kg was used for shot put attempts, and subjects were instructed to perform each shot put according to the static shot put technique. Results: Shot put performance was greater after bench press condition when compared with control condition (8.2 ± 1.2 m vs. 7.8 ± 0.8 m, respectively, p < 0.05). In addition, eight out of 12 volunteers positively responded to the conditioning activity. Conclusion: The results suggest that bench press exercise performed as a conditioning activity improves shot put performance in untrained subjects. Moreover, the conditioning activity should be individually set.(AU)

Anesthesia for lower extremity vascular bypass with peripheral nerve block / Anestesia para bypass vascular em membro inferior com bloqueio de nervos periféricos

Abstract Vascular bypass is a surgical procedure widely used to treat peripheral vascular disease. The intraoperative anesthetic technique and the most appropriate postoperative analgesia for these high-risk patients remain controversial. We present the case of a patient undergoing femoropopliteal-distal bypass in our service, presenting with relevant comorbidities to the choice of anesthetic technique. This patient had several determining factors of difficult airway, especially thoracic kyphoscoliosis, which prevented him from being properly positioned for airway management, and chronic lung disease. This patient was also taken antiplatelet drugs, which is a contraindication for neuraxial block. So, we chose the anesthetic technique of peripheral nerve block, specifically the blockade of femoral and sciatic nerves.

Resumo A cirurgia para bypass vascular é um procedimento amplamente usado para o tratamento da insuficiência vascular periférica. A técnica anestésica para o intraoperatório e para analgesia pós-operatória mais apropriada para esses pacientes de alto risco ainda permanece controversa. Apresentaremos o caso de um paciente submetido a bypass femoropoplíteo distal no nosso serviço, que apresentava comorbidades relevantes para a escolha da técnica anestésica. Esse paciente apresentava fatores determinantes de via aérea difícil, principalmente cifoescoliose da coluna torácica, que o impedia de ser posicionado adequadamente para o manejo da via aérea, além de ser portador de patologia pulmonar crônica. Também fazia uso de antiplaquetários que contraindicavam o bloqueio de neuroeixo. Por isso, optou-se como técnica anestésica pelo bloqueio de nervos periféricos, especificamente o bloqueio dos nervos femoral e isquiático.

Prevalence of ischemic heart disease and associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Southern Brazil / Prevalência de doença isquêmica cardíaca e fatores associados em pacientes com artrite reumatoide no Sul do Brasil

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: A cross-sectional study using the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria in order to select patients seen at primary or secondary health care units in Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, in 2014. The presence of ischemic heart disease was defined as an acute myocardial infarction with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery that has occurred after diagnosis. Fischer's exact test, Wald's linear trend test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to test the associations. Results: Among 296 patients (83.1% female) with a mean age of 56.6 years and a mean rheumatoid arthritis duration of 11.3 years, 13 reported having acute myocardial infarction requiring a percutaneous or surgical reperfusion procedure, a prevalence of 4.4% (95% CI 2.0-6.7). Diabetes Mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 4.9 [95% CI 1.6-13.8]) and disease duration >10 years (OR 8.2 [95% CI 1.8-39.7]) were the only factors associated with an ischemic disease that remained in the final model, after the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of acute myocardial infarction was similar to that observed in other studies. Among the traditional risk factors, Diabetes Mellitus, and among the factors related to rheumatoid arthritis, disease duration, were the variables associated with comorbidity.

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da doença isquêmica cardíaca e os fatores associados em pacientes com artrite reumatoide. Métodos: Estudo transversal que usou o critério diagnóstico do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia para selecionar pacientes atendidos nas unidades de saúde da atenção primária ou secundária em Blumenau, Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil, em 2014. A presença de doença cardíaca isquêmica foi definida com infarto agudo do miocárdio com intervenção coronariana percutânea ou cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio que tenha ocorrido depois do diagnóstico. Para testar as associações usou-se o teste exato de Fischer, o teste de tendência linear de Wald e a análise de regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: Entre 296 pacientes, 83,1% de mulheres, com média de 56,6 anos, tempo médio de artrite reumatoide de 11,3 anos, 13 relatam ter tido infarto agudo do miocárdio que necessitou de procedimento de reperfusão percutânea ou cirúrgica, prevalência de 4,4% (IC 95% 2,0-6,7). O diabetes melittus (razão de chance de 4,9 [IC 95% 1,6-13,8]) e o tempo de doença maior do que 10 anos (razão de chance de 8,2 [IC 95% 1,8-39,7]) foram os únicos fatores associados com a doença isquêmica que permaneceram no modelo final após análise multivariada. Conclusão: A prevalência de infarto agudo do miocárdio foi semelhante com a observada em outros estudos. Entre os fatores de risco tradicionais e entre os fatores relacionados à artrite reumatoide, o diabetes melittus e o tempo de doença foram as variáveis associadas à comorbidade

Misfit and fracture load of implant-supported monolithic crowns in zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate

Abstract Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) is a ceramic that promises to have better mechanical properties than other materials with the same indications as well as improved adaptation and fracture strength. Objective In this study, marginal and internal misfit and fracture load with and without thermal-mechanical aging (TMA) of monolithic ZLS and lithium disilicate (LDS) crowns were evaluated. Material and methods Crowns were milled using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system. Marginal gaps (MGs), absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD), axial gaps, and occlusal gaps were measured by X-ray microtomography (n=8). For fracture load testing, crowns were cemented in a universal abutment, and divided into four groups: ZLS without TMA, ZLS with TMA, LDS without TMA, and LDS with TMA (n=10). TMA groups were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles (5-55°C) and 1,000,000 mechanical cycles (200 N, 3.8 Hz). All groups were subjected to compressive strength testing in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. Student's t-test was used to examine misfit, two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze fracture load, and Pearson's correlation coefficients for misfit and fracture load were calculated (α=0.05). The materials were analyzed according to Weibull distribution, with 95% confidence intervals. Results Average MG (p<0.001) and AMD (p=0.003) values were greater in ZLS than in LDS crowns. TMA did not affect the fracture load of either material. However, fracture loads of ZLS crowns were lower than those of LDS crowns (p<0.001). Fracture load was moderately correlated with MG (r=-0.553) and AMD (r=-0.497). ZLS with TMA was least reliable, according to Weibull probability. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, ZLS crowns had lower fracture load values and greater marginal misfit than did LDS crowns, although these values were within acceptable limits.